One of the things us ex-Apache httpd or ex-Lighttpd users have to get used to when installing nginx is how there isn’t built-in FastCGI support for process spawning. While these means nginx is more lightweight and faster, it does mean that you have to manage your FastCGI processes yourself.
Having just upgraded to Ubuntu Feisty Fawn, I set to installing nginx and tried to get WordPress (which needs PHP, of course) running on it. Thanks to the new nginx package in the Feisty universe repository, getting nginx up and PHP (CGI version) and running is really straightforward. There’re lots of tutorials to help you out as well.
So that’s that. The part that bugged me though, was how the tutorials always provided a script to start your PHP FastCGI processes, but never provided a way to ensure your FastCGI processes started up on a reboot (i.e. an init script). Once again, Google doesn’t disappoint, turning up this php-cgi init script. Tweak the init script a little, put it in /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi, sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi, run sudo update-rc.d php-fastcgi defaults and place the configuration for the script in /etc/default/php-fastcgi, and you’re done. You now have a PHP FastCGI init script that spawns and kills your PHP FastCGI processes.
Note: Lighttpd does come with a spawn-fcgi binary that does the same, but I’m having trouble finding a suitable init script for spawn-fcgi (only the Gentoo emerge seems to have the init script). Still, this script works and I didn’t really want to install lightty on my starving VPS.
The init script: /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi
#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: php-fastcgi
# Required-Start: $all
# Required-Stop: $all
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start and stop php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode
# Description: Start and stop php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode
### END INIT INFO
# Author: Kurt Zankl <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
# Do NOT "set -e"
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode"
NAME=php-fastcgi
DAEMON=/usr/bin/php-cgi
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
PHP_CONFIG_FILE=/etc/php5/cgi/php.ini
# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME
# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh
# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
# If the daemon is not enabled, give the user a warning and then exit,
# unless we are stopping the daemon
if [ "$START" != "yes" -a "$1" != "stop" ]; then
log_warning_msg "To enable $NAME, edit /etc/default/$NAME and set START=yes"
exit 0
fi
# Process configuration
export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
DAEMON_ARGS="-q -b $FCGI_HOST:$FCGI_PORT -c $PHP_CONFIG_FILE"
do_start()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON \
--background --make-pidfile --chuid $EXEC_AS_USER --startas $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_ARGS \
|| return 2
}
do_stop()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE > /dev/null # --name $DAEMON
RETVAL="$?"
[ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
# Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
# and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
# If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
# that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
# needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to
# sleep for some time.
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON
[ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2
# Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.
rm -f $PIDFILE
return "$RETVAL"
}
case "$1" in
start)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_start
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
restart|force-reload)
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1)
do_start
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
Config file for init script (the init script looks for this): /etc/default/php-fastcgi
START=yes
# Which user runs PHP? (default: www-data)
EXEC_AS_USER=www-data
# Host and TCP port for FASTCGI-Listener (default: localhost:9000)
FCGI_HOST=localhost
FCGI_PORT=9000
# Environment variables, which are processed by PHP
PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=4
PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000
nginx config file: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/blog.codefront.net$fastcgi_script_name;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
}
My fastcgi.conf file (I’m not sure I need everything here…)
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
36 Responses to Nginx, PHP and a PHP FastCGI daemon init script
links for 2007-06-13 « Bloggitation
June 13th, 2007 at 8am
[...] Nginx, PHP and a PHP FastCGI daemon init script (tags: php web nginx fastcgi sysadmin) [...]
Shannon -jj Behrens
June 14th, 2007 at 3pm
I haven’t gotten it working yet, but I can make a couple corrections:
It’s not “/etc/defaults/php-fascgi”, it’s “/etc/default/php-fascgi”.
Beware when copying and pasting the above scripts. Double quotes and double hyphens get all messed up.
I’m currently stuck at “/etc/init.d/php-fastcgi start”. It’s just freezing without an error messages.
Chu Yeow
June 14th, 2007 at 3pm
Thanks for the corrections. I’ve fixed the typo, though I can’t figure out how to stop WordPress from “correcting” the quotes and hyphens in the code.
So it’s just freezing and you have to kill the script? It’s possible with the double hyphens and quotes madness there was a typo somewhere.
David Currie » Blog Archive » Changing servers
July 14th, 2007 at 1am
[...] So, it’s been a little bit quiet on this blog for the past few days. The main reason is that it’s been on the move from the hosting provided by our ISP (PlusNet) to my SliceHost slice. Things would have been much quicker had I not decided to switch Apache for the increasingly popular (due to its low memory usage) nginx. As is the beauty of a virtual server, with the click of a mouse I had a clean Dapper Drake install to start with. Rather than install nginx from source, I decided to upgrade to Feisty Fawn and install via apt. This means losing the long term support of Dapper but, hey, its my server and I’ll just have to upgrade again when necessary. From there, getting an nginx, mysql, Rails and PHP setup is well documented, on top of which I added an init script for FastCGI. [...]
Brian Acheson
July 22nd, 2007 at 6am
Does a Fedora/RH equivalent of this script exist? I’ve been tweaking this to get it working on my Fedora machine, but have not had luck yet.
Thanks,
Brian
lejeczek
August 16th, 2007 at 8pm
yes, fedora does have it, you could try: lighttpd-fastcgi it should give desired effects.
mike503
August 21st, 2007 at 8am
i actually use ubuntu’s “upstart” init replacement, and spawn-fcgi from lighttpd
start on runlevel 2
start on runlevel 3
start on runlevel 4
start on runlevel 5
stop on shutdown
env PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=125
respawn
exec /usr/bin/spawn-fcgi -u user -g group -C 5 -n -a 127.0.0.1 -p 1234 -f /usr/local/bin/php-cgi
then you can use “start $job” “stop $job” when you need it, and add that to your init script for starting/stopping the webserver (start engines prior to webserver starting, end engines after webserver ends)
works for me so far…
osiris
August 28th, 2007 at 12am
hi,
difficult to make your scrip work. after correcting the quotes i have that new one:
/etc/init.d/php-fastcgi: 55: Syntax error: “||” unexpected. could you post a link to the raw script as .txt for instance? would be great. thank you
Gerry Kirk
August 31st, 2007 at 9pm
Go to this page to download the script files above. Just follow the instructions step by step.
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January 16th, 2009 at 5am
[...] is due. I couldn’t have started to work out the nginx fastcgi configuration without help from this post on redemption in a blog. ↩ Tags: apache, benchmarks, http, lighttpd, nginx Comment [...]
kb.hurricane-ridge.com / Bookmarks for January 19, 2009
January 20th, 2009 at 5am
[...] Nginx, PHP and a PHP FastCGI daemon init script | redemption in a blog – Example start/stop script for Nginx with PHP/FastCGI. Post a comment — Trackback URI RSS 2.0 feed for these comments This entry (permalink) was posted on Monday, January 19, 2009, at 1:10 pm by admin. Filed in Links. [...]
From Apache to NGINX « Patrick O’Doherty
July 21st, 2009 at 11pm
[...] installed this along with another init.d script for Spawn-FCGI which I found over at Codefront.net. Once that was done it was a process of porting all my existing virtualhosts over to [...]
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August 27th, 2009 at 7am
[...] Nginx, PHP and a PHP FastCGI daemon init script | redemption in a blog (tags: nginx php fastcgi howto) [...]
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November 29th, 2009 at 3am
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dizzy_wall — PHP 5.3.2 on nginx
May 19th, 2010 at 10am
[...] That web page will tell you to create two files. You must remember to chmod and register the init.d file so that it will start at boot. The following link is to a blog who used the above link as a source. In it are instructions for the chmoding and registering, if you aren’t up to speed on how to do it (http://blog.codefront.net/2007/06/11/nginx-php-and-a-php-fastcgi-daemon-init-script/). [...]
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September 30th, 2010 at 9am
[...] werden, dass PHP als FastCGI-Server gestartet werden kann. Ich benutze dazu das Init-Skript aus diesem Blogartikel. Der Einfachheit halber, stelle ich das Skript und die zugehörige Konfigurationsdatei, die in [...]
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Nginx with PHP (FCGI) – A lightweight web server | Tautvidas Sipavi?ius
January 22nd, 2012 at 6am
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